week7 (5)

上課筆記



Etymology:

-eer: indicating a person who is concerned with or who dose something specified.
engineer, pioneer, profiteer

co-: together, join, indicating partnership
coproduction, copilot, cofounder

anti-: against to, opposite of
anticlimax, antimere, anticline

-ship: indicating state or condition
relationship, friendship, fellowship, partnership

-ist: person with a particular creative or academic role; a person who holds partial views
physicist, artist, soloist, racist

-serve: keep
preserve, reserve, conserve, conservation


per-: through
perspect, perspire, permit

vocabulary
1.layer|ˈlāər|
noun
meaning: a sheet, quantity, or thickness of material, typically one of several, covering a surface or body
origin: Middle English (denoting a mason): from lay + -er. The sense ‘stratum of material covering a surface’ 
example: bears depend on a layer of blubber to keep them warm in the water

2.lean |lēn|
verb
meaning: be in or move into a sloping position
origin: Old English hleonian, hlinian, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch leunen and German lehnen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin inclinare and Greek klinein .
example: he leaned back in his chair.

3.leap |lēp|
verb
meaning: jump or spring a long way, to a great height, or with great force
origin: Old English hlēapan(verb), hlȳp(noun), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch lopen,German laufen (verb), and Dutch loop,German Lauf (noun), all meaning ‘run,’ 
example:  I leaped across the threshold

4.shrug |SHrəg|
verb
meaning: raise (one's shoulders) slightly and momentarily to express doubt, ignorance, or indifference
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘fidget’)
example: Jimmy looked inquiringly at Pete, who shrugged his shoulders

5.swing|swiNG|
verb
meaning: move or cause to move back and forth or from side to side while suspended or on an axis 
origin: Old English swingan‘to beat, whip,’ also ‘rush,’ geswing‘a stroke with a weapon,’ of Germanic origin; related to German schwingen ‘brandish.’ 
example: her long black skirt swung about her legs 

6.tangle |ˈtaNGgəl|
verb [ with obj. ] (usu. be tangled)
meaning: twist together into a confused mass
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘entangle, catch in a tangle’): probably of Scandinavian origin and related to Swedish dialect taggla ‘disarrange.’
example: the broom somehow got tangled up in my long skirt.

7.plaid |plad|
noun
meaning: checkered or tartan twilled cloth, typically made of wool.
origin: early 16th cent.: from Scottish Gaelic plaide ‘blanket,’ of unknown ultimate origin.

8.consolation |ˌkänsəˈlāSHən|
noun
meaning: comfort received by a person after a loss or disappointment
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin consolatio(n-), from the verb consolari
example: there was consolation in knowing that others were worse off.

9.slope |slōp|
noun
meaning: a surface of which one end or side is at a higher level than another; a rising or falling surface
origin: late 16th cent. (as a verb): from the obsolete adverb slope, a shortening of aslope.
example: he slithered helplessly down the slope.

10.lame |lām|
adjective
meaning: (of a person or animal) unable to walk normally because of an injury or illness affecting the leg or foot
origin: Old English lama, of Germanic origin, related to Dutch lam and German lahm .
example: his horse went lame. 

11.sap |sap|
noun
meaning: vigor or energy
origin: Old English sæp, probably of Germanic origin. The verb (dating from the mid 18th cent.) is often interpreted as a figurative use of the notion “drain the sap from,” but is derived originally from the verb, in the sense ‘undermine.’

example: the hot, heady days of youth when the sap was rising.

12.digit |ˈdijit|
noun
meaning:  any of the numerals from 0 to 9, especially when forming part of a number.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin digitus ‘finger, toe’; arose from the practice of counting on the fingers.

13.disfiguring |disˈfigyər|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: spoil the attractiveness of
origin: late Middle English: from Old French desfigurer, based on Latin figura ‘figure.’
example: litter disfigures the countryside

14.drain |drān|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: cause the water or other liquid in (something) to run out, leaving it empty, dry, or drier
origin:  Old English drēahnian, drēhnian‘strain (liquid),’ of Germanic origin; related to dry.
example: we drained the swimming pool.

15.insight |ˈinˌsīt|
noun
meaning: the capacity to gain an accurate and deep intuitive understanding of a person or thing.
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘inner sight, mental vision, wisdom’): probably of Scandinavian and Low German origin and related to Swedishinsikt,Danish indsigt,Dutch inzicht, and German Einsicht .
example: this paper is alive with sympathetic insight intoShakespeare.

16.psyche |ˈsīkē|
noun
meaning: the human soul, mind, or spirit
origin: mid 17th cent.: via Latin from Greek psukhē ‘breath, life, soul.’ 
example: I will never really fathom the female psyche.

17.simplicity|simˈplisitē|
noun
meaning: the quality or condition of being easy to understand or do
origin: late Middle English: from Old French simplicite or Latin simplicitas, from simplex
example: for the sake of simplicity, this chapter will concentrate on one theory.

18.solemn |ˈsäləm|
adjective
meaning: formal and dignified
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘associated with religious rites’): from Old French solemne, from Latin sollemnis ‘customary, celebrated at a fixed date,’from sollus ‘entire.’
example: a solemn procession. 

19.wizard |ˈwizərd| 
noun
meaning: a person who is very skilled in a particular field or activity
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘philosopher, sage’): from wise + -ard
example: a financial wizard.

    20.anticipate |anˈtisəˌpāt|
    verb [ with obj. ]

    meaning: regard as probable; expect or predict

origin: mid 16th cent. (in the senses ‘to take something into consideration,’‘mention something before the proper time’): from Latinanticipat- ‘acted in advance,’ from anticipare, based on ante- ‘before’ + capere ‘take.’
example: she anticipated scorn on her return to the theater 

21.breakthrough |ˈbrākˌTHro͞o| 
noun
meaning: a sudden, dramatic, and important discovery or development
example: a major breakthrough in DNA research.

22.flexibility |ˌfleksəˈbilətē|
noun
meaning: the quality of bending easily without breaking
example: players gained improved flexibility in their ankles. 

23.sum |səm|
noun
meaning: a particular amount of money
origin: Middle English: via Old French from Latin summa ‘main part, sum total,’ feminine of summus ‘highest.’
example: they could not afford such a sum.

24.likelihood |ˈlīklēˌho͝od|
noun
meaning: the state or fact of something's being likely; probability
example: young people who can see no likelihood of finding employment

25.pursue |pərˈso͞o|
verb
meaning: follow (someone or something) in order to catch or attack them
origin: Middle English (originally in the sense ‘follow with enmity’): from Anglo-Norman French pursuer, from an alteration of Latin prosequi ‘prosecute.’
example: the officer pursued the van