week5 (4)

生病請假

vocabulary
1.remedy |ˈremədē|
noun
meaning: a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French remedie, from Latinremedium, from re- ‘back’ (also expressing intensive force) + mederi ‘heal.’ 
example: herbal remedies for aches and pains. 

2.sob|säb|
verb
meaning: cry noisily, making loud, convulsive gasps
origin: Middle English: perhaps of Dutch or Low German origin; compare with Dutch dialect sabben ‘to suck.’
example: he broke down and sobbed like a child

3.steady |ˈstedē|
adjective
meaning: firmly fixed, supported, or balanced; not shaking or moving
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘unwavering, without deviation’): from stead + -y.
example: the lighter the camera, the harder it is to hold steady 

4.straighten |ˈstrātn|
verb
meaning: make or become straight 
example: she helped him straighten his tie

5.chatter |ˈCHatər|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: talk rapidly or incessantly about trivial matters
origin: Middle English: imitative. 
example: the kids chattered and splashed at the edge of the lagoon.

6.hurl |hərl|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: throw (an object) with great force
origin: Middle English: probably imitative, but corresponding in form and partly in sense with Low German hurreln . 
example: rioters hurled a brick through the windshield of a car.

7.tucker (sb out) |ˈtəkər| 
meaning: exhaust; wear out.
example: the heavy work have tucker me out.

8.pantomime |ˈpantəˌmīm|
noun
meaning: an absurdly exaggerated piece of behavior
origin: late 16th cent. (first used in the Latin form and denoting an actor using mime): from French pantomime or Latin pantomimus, from Greek pantomimos ‘imitator of all’
example: he made a pantomime of checking his watch.
pantomimic |ˌpantəˈmimik| adjectivepantomimist noun

9.hang |haNG|
noun
meaning: a downward droop or bend
origin: Old English hangian(intransitive verb), related to Dutch and Germanhangen, reinforced by the Old Norse transitive verb hanga .
example: the bullish hang of his head.

10.plead |plēd|
verb 
meaning: make an emotional appeal
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘to wrangle’): from Old French plaidier ‘resort to legal action,’ from plaid ‘discussion’ 
example: they pleaded withCarol to come home again

11.disapproving |ˌdisəˈpro͞oviNG|
adjective
meaning: expressing an unfavorable opinion  
example: he shot a disapproving glance at her.

12.diameter |dīˈamitər| 
noun
meaning: a straight line passing from side to side through the center of a body or figure, especially a circle or sphere.
origin: late Middle English: from Old French diametre, via Latin from Greekdiametros (grammē)‘(line) measuring across,’ from dia ‘across’ + metron ‘measure.’

13.ecosystem|ˈekōˌsistəm|
noun
meaning: (in general use) a complex network or interconnected system
example: the entire ecosystem of movie and video production will eventually go digital. 

14.frontier |ˌfrənˈti(ə)r|
noun
meaning: the extreme limit of understanding or achievement in a particular area
origin: late Middle English: from Old French frontiere, based on Latin frons,front- ‘front.’
example: the success of science in extending the frontiers of knowledge. 

15.giant |ˈjīənt|
adjective
meaning: of very great size or force; gigantic
origin: Middle English geant(with the first syllable later influenced by Latin gigant-), from Old French, via Latin from Greek gigas, gigant- .
example: giant multinational corporations

16.limb |lim|
noun
meaning: an arm or leg of a person or four-legged animal, or a bird's wing.
origin: the kitten has broke her limb.
example: Old English lim(also in the sense ‘organ or part of the body’), of Germanic origin.

17.manage |ˈmanij|
verb 
meaning: [ with obj. ] be in charge of (a company, establishment, or undertaking)
origin: mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘put (a horse) through the paces of the manège’): from Italian maneggiare, based on Latin manus ‘hand.’
example: their elder son managed the farm. 

18.penetrate |ˈpeniˌtrāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: succeed in forcing a way into or through (a thing)
origin: mid 16th cent.: from Latin penetrat- ‘placed or gone into,’ from the verb penetrare; related to penitus ‘inner.’ 
example:  the shrapnel had penetrated his head and chest 

19.rot |rät|
verb
meaning: (chiefly of animal or vegetable matter) decay or cause to decay by the action of bacteria and fungi; decompose
origin: Old English rotian(verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch rotten; the noun (Middle English) may have come via Scandinavian. 
example: the chalets were neglected and their woodwork was rotting away 

    20.minerals |ˈmin(ə)rəl|
    noun

    meaning: a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.

origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin minerale, neuter (used as a noun) of mineralis, from minera ‘ore.’
example:  mineral ingredients such as zinc oxide.

21.alert |əˈlərt|
adjective
meaning: quick to notice any unusual and potentially dangerous or difficult circumstances 
origin: late 16th cent. (originally in military use): from French alerte, from Italianall' erta ‘to the watchtower.’
example: an alert police officer discovered a truck full of explosives  

22.bush |bo͝oSH|
noun
meaning: a shrub or clump of shrubs with stems of moderate length 
origin: Middle English: from Old French bos, bosc, variants of bois ‘wood,’reinforced by Old Norse buski, of Germanic origin and related to obsolete Dutchbosch (now bos) and German Busch. The sense ‘uncultivated country’ is probably directly from Dutch bos .

example: the plant will develop into a dense bush.

23.cylinder |ˈsiləndər|
noun
meaning: a solid geometric figure with straight parallel sides and a circular or oval section.
example: late 16th cent.: from Latin cylindrus, from Greek kulindros ‘roller,’from kulindein ‘to roll.’ 

24.desperately |ˈdespəritlē|
adverb
meaning: in a way that shows despair
example: he looked around desperately.

25.foliage |ˈfōl(ē)ij|
noun
meaning: plant leaves, collectively 
origin: late Middle English foilage(in the sense ‘design resembling leaves’): from Old French feuillage, from feuille ‘leaf,’ from Latin folium. The change in the first syllable was due to association with Latin folium .
example: healthy green foliage. 

week4 (3)

 上課筆記

Christopher Marlowe: Doctor Faustus
--> Was this the face that launched a thousand ships and burnt the topless towers of Ilium?



Etymology:

re-: back, again
remember, reply, reside, reflect

uni-: one, single
universe, unity, universal, unison

-hood: a condition or state of being the thing or being in a role
childhood, likelihood, falsehood, nerighborhood

in-: into, near, towards
interior, install, inspect, insert

-ent: person
resident, innocent, correspondent, opponent

-able: capable of
durable, accountable, available, comparable

de-: away, away from, apart
despite, decompose, detach, decrease

vocabulary
1.sway |swā|
verb
meaning: move or cause to move slowly or rhythmically backward and forward or from side to side
origin: Middle English: corresponding in sense to Low German swājen ‘be blown to and fro’ and Dutch zwaaien ‘swing, walk in a tottering way.’
example: he swayed slightly on his feet

2.weed |wēd|
verb
meaning: remove unwanted plants from (an area of ground)
origin: Old English wēod(noun), wēodian(verb), of unknown origin; related to Dutch wieden (verb).
example: I was weeding a flower bed.

3.monoxide |məˈnɒksʌɪd|
noun
meaning: an oxide containing one atom of oxygen in its molecule or empirical formula.

4.dose |dōs|
noun
meaning: a quantity of a medicine or drug taken or recommended to be taken at a particular time
origin: late Middle English: from French, via late Latin from Greek dosis ‘gift,’from didonai ‘give.’
example: he took a dose of cough medicine.

5.mineral |ˈmin(ə)rəl|
adjective
meaning: of or denoting a mineral
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin minerale, neuter (used as a noun) of mineralis, from minera ‘ore.’
example: mineral ingredients such as zinc oxide. 

6.recount |riˈkount|
verb
meaning: tell someone about something; give an account of an event or experience
origin: late Middle English: from Old Northern French reconter ‘tell again,’based on Old French counter 
example: I recounted the tale to Steve 

7.trail |trāl|
noun
meaning: a mark or a series of signs or objects left behind by the passage of someone or something 
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French traillier ‘to tow,’ or Middle Low German treilen ‘haul (a boat),’ based on Latin tragula ‘dragnet,’ from trahere ‘to pull.’
example: a trail of blood on the grass.

8.transplant |transˈplant|
verb
meaning: move or transfer (something) to another place or situation, typically with some effort or upheaval 
origin:  late Middle English (as a verb describing the repositioning of a plant): from late Latin transplantare, from Latin trans- ‘across’ + plantare ‘to plant.’ The noun, first in the sense ‘something or someone moved to a new place,’ dates from the mid 18th cent.
example: his endeavor to transplant people from Russia to the Argentine 

9.uncomprehending |ˌənˌkämpriˈhendiNG|
adjective
meaning: showing or having an inability to comprehend something
example: an uncomprehending silence. 

10.plane |plān|
noun
meaning: a flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points on it would wholly lie
origin: early 17th cent.: from Latin planum ‘flat surface,’ neuter of the adjective planus ‘plain.’ The adjective was suggested by French plan(e)‘flat.’ The word was introduced to differentiate the geometric senses, previously expressed by plain, from the latter's other meanings.
example: the horizontal plane.

11.snag |snag| 
meaning: an unexpected or hidden obstacle or drawbackorigin: probably of Scandinavian origin. The early sense ‘stump sticking out from a tree trunk’ gave rise to a US sense ‘submerged piece of timber obstructing navigation,’
example: the picture's US release hit a snag.

12.impulsive |imˈpəlsiv|
adjective
meaning: acting or done without forethought
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘tending to impel’): from Frenchimpulsif, -ive or late Latin impulsivus, from Latin impuls- ‘driven onward’
example: they had married as young impulsive teenagers

13.proceed |prəˈsēd |
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: begin or continue a course of action
origin: late Middle English: from Old French proceder, from Latin procedere, from pro- ‘forward’ + cedere ‘go.’
example:  we can proceed with our investigation.

14.reinforce |ˌrē-inˈfôrs|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: strengthen or support, especially with additional personnel or material
origin: late Middle English: from French renforcer, influenced by inforce, anobsolete spelling of enforce
example:  paratrooper swere sent to reinforce the troops already in the area.

15.slam |slam|
verb
meaning: shut (a door, window, or lid) forcefully and loudly
origin: late 17th cent.: probably of Scandinavian origin; compare with Old Norse slam(b)ra .
example: he slams the door behind him as he leaves.

16.wail |wāl|
noun
meaning: a prolonged high-pitched cry of pain, grief, or anger
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse
example: Christopher let out a wail.

17.writhe |rīT͟H|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: make continual twisting, squirming movements or contortions of the body
origin:  Old English wrīthan‘make into coils, plait, fasten with a cord,’ of Germanic origin
example: he writhed in agony on the ground 

18.pediatrics |ˌpēdēˈatriks| 
pl.noun
meaning: the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases.
origin:late 19th cent.: from pedo-‘of children’ + Greek iatros ‘physician’ + -ics.

19.toddler |ˈtädlər|
noun
meaning: a young child who is just beginning to walk.
example: left him along, he is just a toddler.

    20.authoritative |əˈTHôriˌtātiv|
    adjective

   meaning: able to be trusted as being accurate or true; reliable  

example: clear, authoritative information and advice 

21.moan |mōn|
noun
meaning: a long, low sound made by a person expressing physical or mental suffering or sexual pleasure
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘complaint or lamentation’): of unknown origin.
example: she gave a low moan of despair.

22.plead |plēd|
verb
meaning: make an emotional appeal 
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘to wrangle’): from Old French plaidier ‘resort to legal action,’ from plaid ‘discussion’
example: they pleaded withCarol to come home again 

23.poll |pōl|
noun
meaning: (often the polls) the process of voting in an election
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘head’): perhaps of Low German origin. The original sense was ‘head,’ and hence ‘an individual person among a number,’from which developed the sense ‘number of people ascertained by counting of heads’ and then ‘counting of heads or of votes’ (17th cent).
example: the country went to the polls on March 10.

24.propel |prəˈpel|
verb
meaning: drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘expel, drive out’): from Latinpropellere, from pro- ‘forward’ + pellere ‘to drive.’
example: the boat is propelled by using a very long paddle 

25.remainder |riˈmāndər|
noun
meaning: a part, number, or quantity that is left over
origin: from Anglo-Norman French, from Latin remanere  
example:  leave a few mushrooms for garnish and slice the remainder.