9/19

9/19上課筆記

About the topic,ask yourself
what is that ?
what is that for?
what should we care ?


Roman Numbers
I: 1                    
V: 5                  
X: 10                 
L: 50                 
C: 100               
D: 500               
M: 1000

 ＋ 向右
  –  (4,9)向左
 十位歸十位 個位歸個位

EX:
9    IX
44  XLIV
90  XC
99  XCIX(90+9)
2014 MMXIV

vocabulary

9/19

1.intricate|ˈintrikit|
adjective
meanings:very complicated or detailed

derivatives:
intricately adverb
origin:late Middle English: from Latin intricat- ‘entangled,’ from the verbintricare, from in- ‘into’ + tricae ‘tricks, perplexities.’

example: an intricate network of canals.

2.register |ˈrejəstər|

    verb

meanings:enter or record on an official list or directory

derivatives:
registrable |-st(ə)rəbəl| adjective
origin:late Middle English: from Old French regestre or medieval Latinregestrum, registrum, alteration of regestum, singular of late Latinregesta ‘things recorded,’ from regerere ‘enter, record.’

example:her father was late in registering her birth 

3.flabby |ˈflabē|
adjective

meanings:not tightly controlled, powerful, or effective

derivatives:
flabbily |ˈflabəlē| adverb.
flabbiness |ˈflabēnis| noun

origin: late 17th cent.: alteration of earlier flappy.

example: the quartet playing was uncommittedand flabby.

4.dignify|ˈdignitē|
noun

meanings:the state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect

phrase:stand on one's dignity:insist on being treated with due respect.

origin: Middle English: from Old French dignete, from Latin dignitas,from dignus ‘worthy.
example:a man of dignity andunbending principle

5.temperament |ˈtemp(ə)rəmənt|
noun

meanings:a person's or animal's nature, esp. as it permanently affects their behavior

origin:late Middle English: from Latin temperamentum ‘correct mixture,’ from temperare ‘mingle.’ In early use the word was synonymous with the noun temper.
example:she had an artistic temperament.

9/22

1.foul |foul|
adjective

meanings: offensive to the senses, esp. through having a disgusting smell or taste orbeing unpleasantly soiled

derivatives:
foully |ˈfou(l)lē| adverb.
foulness noun
phrase:foul one's (own)nest: do something damaging or harmful to oneself or one's own interests.

origin:Old English fūl, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse fúll‘foul,’Dutch vuil ‘dirty,’ and German faul ‘rotten, lazy,’ from an Indo-European root shared by Latin pus,Greek puos ‘pus,’ and Latin putere ‘to stink.’

example:a foul odor 

2.abortive|əˈbôrtiv|
adjective

meanings: failing to produce the intended result

derivatives:
abortively adverb

origin:Middle English (as a noun denoting a stillborn child or animal): viaOld French from Latin abortivus, from aboriri ‘miscarry’ 
example:an abortive attempt to overthrow thegovernment.

3.sorrow|ˈsärō|

noun
meanings:a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other misfortunesuffered by oneself or others

origin:Old English sorh, sorg(noun), sorgian(verb), of Germanic origin;related to Dutch zorg and German Sorge .

example: he understood the sorrow and discontent underlying hisbrother's sigh.

4.elation |iˈlāSHən|
noun

meanings:great happiness and exhilaration

origin: late Middle English: from Old French elacion, from Latin elat-‘raised,’ from the verb efferre

example: Richard's elation atregaining his health was short-lived.

5.impermissible|ˌimpərˈmisəbəl|
adjective

meanings:too bad to be allowed

derivatives:
impermissibility |-ˌmisəˈbilitē| noun

example: the prosecution made impermissible use of the testimony.

9/23

1.prominent |ˈprämənənt|
adjective

meanings: important; famous
derivatives:
prominently adverb
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘projecting’): from Latinprominent- ‘jutting out,’ from the verb prominere. Compare with eminent.

example: she was a prominent member of the city council.

2.clan |klan|
noun

meanings:a group of people with a strong common interest

origin: late Middle English: from Scottish Gaelic clann ‘offspring, family,’from Old Irish cland, from Latin planta ‘sprout.’

example: New York's garrulous clan of artists.

3.descend|diˈsend|
verb [ no obj. ]

meanings: move or fall downward:

origin:Middle English: from Old French descendre, from Latindescendere, from de- ‘down’ + scandere ‘to climb.’

example:the aircraft began to descend.

4.dissimilarity|disˌsiməˈlaritē|
noun

meanings:difference; variance

example:the similarity or dissimilarity between humans and other animals.

5.prep |prep| informal
verb[ with obj. ]
meanings:prepare (something); make ready

origin: 1920s: abbreviation of  prepare or preparation

example: scores of volunteers help prep the food.

9/24

1.hesitant|ˈhezitənt|
adjective

meanings:tentative, unsure, or slow in acting or speaking

derivatives:
hesitantly adverb

origin: late Middle English: from Latin haesitant- ‘being undecided,’ from the verb haesitare
example: her slow, hesitant way of speaking.

2.permanent |ˈpərmənənt|
adjective
meanings:lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely

derivatives:
permanentize |-ˌtīz| verb( rare)

origin: late Middle English: from Latin permanent- ‘remaining to the end’ (perhaps via Old French), from per- ‘through’ + manere ‘remain.’

example: a permanent ban on the dumping of radioactive waste at sea 

3.confer |kənˈfər|
verb

meanings: [ no obj. ] have discussions; exchange opinions

derivatives:
conferment noun
conferrable adjective
conferral |-ˈfərəl| noun
origin:late Middle English in the general sense ‘bring togethr in conferre, from con- ‘together’ + ferre ‘bring.’

example:the officials were conferring with allies.

4.conviction |kənˈvikSHən|
noun

meanings: a formal declaration that someone is guilty of a criminal offense, made by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge in a court of law

origin: late Middle English: from Latin convictio(n-), from the verbconvincere
example: she had a previous conviction for a similar offense.

5.solemn |ˈsäləm|
acjective

meanings: not cheerful or smiling; serious

derivatives:
solemnly adverb
solemnness noun
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘associated with religious rites’): from Old French solemne, from Latin sollemnis ‘customary, celebrated at a fixed date,’ from sollus ‘entire.’

example:Tim looked very solemn.

9/25

1.editorial |ˌediˈtôrēəl|
adjective

meanings:of or relating to the commissioning or preparing of material for publication
derivatives:
editorialist noun.editorially adverb

example: apillar of scholarly publishing and editorial excellence.

2.epigram |ˈepiˌgram|
noun

meanings:a pithy saying or remark expressing an idea in a clever and amusing way.

derivatives:
epigrammatist |ˌepiˈgramətist| noun.
epigrammatize |ˌepiˈgraməˌtīz| verb
origin: late Middle English: from French épigramme, or Latinepigramma, from Greek, from epi ‘upon, in addition’ + gramma

3.courtesy|ˈkərtəsē|
noun

meanings:the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others

phrases:
by courtesy as a favor rather than by right: he was not at the conference only by courtesy.
by courtesy of given or allowed by: photograph courtesy of the Evening Star. •informal as a result of; thanks to.
origin:Middle English: from Old French cortesie, from corteis 

example: he hadbeen treated with a degree of courtesy not far short of deference.

4.jut|jət|
verb

meanings:extend out, over, or beyond the main body or line of something

origin:mid 16th cent.: variant of jet

example: a rock jutted out from the side of the bank.

5.perpetual|pərˈpeCHo͞oəl|
adjective
meanings: never ending or changing
derivatives:
perpetually adverb

origin: Middle English: from Old French perpetuel, from Latinperpetualis, from perpetuus ‘continuing throughout,’ from perpes,perpet- ‘continuous.’

example:deep caves in perpetual darkness.

9/12

9/12上課筆記

The Story of English 

hypothesis<->hyper

Protestant<->Catholic,Christian

prefix字首

suffix字尾 (一般是文法功能)

root字根

root：

ad-:denoting motion or direction to

advocate (voc-voice),advance

-meter:measure

thermometer,hydrameter            

vocabulary

9/12

1.unjust|ˌənˈjəst|

adjective
meaning:not based on or behaving according to what is morally right and fair
derivatives:
unjustly adverb.

unjustness noun
example: resistance to unjust laws.

2.privy |ˈprivē|

adjective
meaning:sharing in the knowledge of (something secret or private)
derivatives:
privily |ˈprivəlē| adverb
example: he was no longer privy to her innermost thoughts.

3.levity|ˈlevətē|

noun
meaning:humor or frivolity, esp. the treatment of a serious matter with humor or in amanner lacking due respect
origin: mid 16th cent.: from Latin levitas, from levis ‘light.’
example: as an attempt to introduce a note of levity, the wordswere a disastrous flop.

4.hostile |ˈhästl, ˈhäˌstīl|

adjective
meaning:unfriendly; antagonistic
derivatives:
hostilely adverb
origin: late 16th cent.: from French, or from Latin hostilis, from hostis‘stranger, enemy.’
example:people are very hostile to the idea.

5.intimate |ˈintəmit|

adjective
meaning: closely acquainted; familiar, close
derivatives:
intimately adverb
origin: early 17th cent. (as a noun): from late Latin intimatus, past participle of Latin intimare ‘impress, make familiar,’ from intimus‘inmost.’
example: they are on intimate terms.

9/15

1.vulnerable |ˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l|
adjective
meaning:exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally
derivatives:
vulnerability noun (pl.vulnerabilities) 
vulnerableness noun
vulnerably adverb
origin:early 17th cent.: from late Latin vulnerabilis, from Latin vulnerare‘to wound’, from vulnus ‘wound’.
example:we were in a vulnerable position

2.reserved |rɪˈzəːvd|
adjective
meaning:slow to reveal emotion or opinions
derivatives:
reservedly |-vɪdli| adverb,
reservedness noun
origin:from Old French reserver, from Latin reservare‘keep back’, from re- ‘back’ + servare ‘to keep’.
example:he is a reserved, almost taciturn man.

3.incline|ɪnˈklʌɪn|
verb 
meaning: (usu. be inclined to/towards/to do something) be favourably disposedtowards or willing to do something
derivatives:
inclinable adjective
incliner noun
origin:Middle English (originally in the sense ‘bend (the head or body) towards something’; formerly also as encline): from Old French encliner, fromLatin inclinare, from in- ‘towards’ + clinare ‘to bend’.
example: he was inclined to accept the offer 

4.skim |skɪm|
verb
meaning:[ no obj., with adverbial of direction ] go or move quickly and lightly over or on a surface or through the air
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘remove scum from (a liquid)’): back-formation from 
skimmer, or from Old French escumer, from escume‘scum, foam’.
example:he let his fingers skim across her shoulders.

5.reprise  |rɪˈpriːz|
noun
meaning: a repetition or further performance of something
origin: early 18th cent.: French, literally ‘taken up again,’ feminine past participle of reprendre .
example: a reprise of his earlier performance.
    

   9/16

   1.venture|ˈvɛntʃə|
   noun

   meaning:a risky or daring journey or undertaking

   phrase:

    at a venture archaic trusting to chance rather than to previous consideration or preparation. a man drew a bow at a venture.

nothing ventured, nothing gained proverb you can't expect to achieve anything if you never take any risks.
origin:late Middle English (in the sense ‘adventure,’ also ‘risk the lossof’): shortening of adventure.
example:these foreigners have put forward a proposal for a joint venture.

2.distraction|disˈtrakSHən|
noun
meaning:a thing that prevents someone from giving full attention to something else
phrase:
to distraction (in hyperbolic use) intensely: she loved him to distraction.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin distractio(n-), from the verb distrahere 
example: the company found passenger travel a distraction from the main business of moving freight.

3.revelation |ˌrevəˈlāSHən|
noun
meaning: a surprising and previously unknown fact, esp. one that is made known in a dramatic way
derivatives:
revelational |-SHənl| adjective
origin: Middle English (in the theological sense): from Old French, or fromlate Latin revelatio(n-), from revelare ‘lay bare’ . Sense 1 dates from the mid 19th cent.

example: revelations about his personal life.

4.mediocre|ˌmēdēˈōkər|

adjective
meaning:of only moderate quality; not very good
derivatives:
mediocrely adverb
origin: late 16th cent.: from French médiocre, from Latin mediocris ‘of middle height or degree,’ literally ‘somewhat rugged or mountainous,’from medius ‘middle’ + ocris ‘rugged mountain.’
example: a mediocre actor.

5.throb |θrɒb|
verb
meaning:feel pain in a series of regular beats

origin: late Middle English: probably imitative.

example: her foot throbbed with pain

9/17
1.slim|slim|
adjective

meaning:(of something abstract, esp. a chance or margin) very small
derivatives:
slimly adverb
slimness noun
origin: mid 17th cent.: from Low German or Dutch (from a base meaning ‘slanting, cross, bad’), of Germanic origin. The pejorative sense found inDutch and German existed originally in the English noun slim‘lazy or worthless person.
example:there was just a slim chance of success

2.quiver|ˈkwivər|

verb 
meaning:tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion
derivatives:
quiveringly adverb
quivery adjective
origin:Middle English: from Old English cwifer‘nimble, quick’ The initialqu-is probably symbolic of quick movement (as in quaverand quick).

example:the tree's branches stopped quivering.

3.plagiaristic |ˈplājəˌrizəm|

noun
meaning:the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off asone's own.
derivatives:
plagiarist noun
plagiaristic |ˌplājəˈristik| adjective
origin:early 17th cent.: from Latin plagiarius ‘kidnapper’ (from plagium‘a kidnapping,’ from Greek plagion) + ism

4.snobbish|ˈsnäbiSH|

adjective
meaning:of, characteristic of, or like a snob
derivatives:
snobbishly adverb.
snobbishness noun

example: the writer takes a rather snobbish tone.

5.fundamental|ˌfəndəˈmentl|

adjective
meaning:forming a necessary base or core; of central importance
derivatives:
fundamentality |ˌfəndəmənˈtalətē| noun
origin:late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latinfundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare ‘to found.’
example:the protection of fundamental human rights 

9/18
1.scorn |skôrn|

noun
meaning:the feeling or belief that someone or something is worthless or despicable; contempt
phrase:pour (or heap) scorn on speak with contempt or mockery of.
origin:Middle English: shortening of Old French escarn (noun), escharnir(verb), of Germanic origin.
example: I do not wish to become the object of scorn 

2.veteran|ˈvetərən, ˈvetrən|

noun
meaning:a person who has had long experience in a particular field.
origin: early 16th cent.: from French vétéran or Latin veteranus, fromvetus ‘old.’
example: a veteran of two world wars.

3.riotous |ˈrīətəs|

adjective
meaning:marked by or involving public disorder
derivatives:
riotously adverb
riotousness noun
origin:Middle English (in the sense ‘troublesome’): from Old French, from riote
example: a riotous crowd.

4. excursion |ikˈskərZHən|

noun
meaning: a short journey or trip, esp. one engaged in as a leisure activity
derivatives:
excursionist |-ist| noun
origin: late 16th cent. (in the sense ‘act of running out,’ also meaning‘sortie’ in the phrase alarums and excursions: from Latinexcursio(n-), from the verb excurrere ‘run out,’ from ex- ‘out’ + currere‘to run.’

example:an excursion to Mount Etna 

5.exempt|igˈzem(p)t|
adjective

meaning:free from an obligation or liability imposed on others
origin: late Middle English: from Latin exemptus ‘taken out, freed, past participle of eximere.
example: these patients are exempt from all charges