10/3

10/3上課筆記

Tutami learning (SAT reading)

Longfellow

A Psalm of Life / Paul revere's ride

we're only flesh and blood

we're mortal

our time is limited

attitude

altitude

aptitidue:(often aptitude for) a natural ability to do something

vocabulary

10/3

1.ripple|ˈripəl|
verb [ no obj. ]

meaning:(of water) form or flow with small waves on the surface

derivatives:
ripplet |ˈriplit| noun.
ripply |ˈrip(ə)lē| adjective
origin: late 17th cent. (as a verb): of unknown origin.
example:the Mediterranean rippled and sparkled 

2.arrange|əˈrānj|
verb [ with obj. ]

meaning: put (things) in a neat, attractive, or required order

derivatives:
arrangeable adjective.
arranger noun

origin: late Middle English: from Old French arangier, from a- (from Latinad ‘to, at’) + rangier ‘to range’ 
example: she had just finished arranging the flowers 

3.whip|(h)wip|
verb

meaning: (of a flexible object or rain or wind) strike or beat violently
phrase:the whip hand a position of power or control over someone.

origin: Middle English: probably from Middle Low German and Middle Dutch wippen ‘swing, leap, dance,’ from a Germanic base meaning‘move quickly.’ The noun is partly from the verb, reinforced by Middle Low German wippe ‘quick movement.’
example:the wind whipped their faces 

4.groan |grōn|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: complain; grumble
phrase:
groan inwardly feel dismayed by something but remain silent.
ex:everything has atepid inevitability, and even as you smile you may be groaning inwardly.

origin: Old English grānian, of Germanic origin; related to German greinen‘cry, whine,’ grinsen ‘grin,’ also probably to grin

example: they were moaning and groaning about management

5.rear |ri(ə)r|
noun
meaning:the back part of something, esp. a building or vehicle

origin: Middle English (first used as a military term): from Old French rere,based on Latin retro ‘back.’

example: the kitchen door at the rear of the house.

verb

meaning:[ with obj. ] (usu. be reared) bring up and care for (a child) until they arefully grown, esp. in a particular manner or place

origin:Old English rǣran‘set upright, construct, elevate,’ of Germanic origin; related to raise(which has supplanted rear in many applications), also to rise.
example: he was born and reared in New York City

10/6

1.compulsion|kəmˈpəlSHən|
noun

meaning:the action or state of forcing or being forced to do something; constraint

origin: late Middle English: via Old French from late Latin compulsio(n-), from compellere ‘to drive, force’ 

example: the payment was made under compulsion.

2.hover |ˈhəvər|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning:remain in one place in the air

origin:late Middle English: from archaic hove‘hover, linger,’ of unknown origin.

example: army helicopters hovered overhead.

3.conscientious |ˌkänCHēˈenCHəs|
adjective

meaning: (of a person) wishing to do what is right, esp. to do one's work or duty well and thoroughly

derivatives:
conscientiously adverb
conscientiousness noun

origin: early 17th cent.: from French consciencieux, from medieval Latin conscientiosus, from Latin conscientia
example: a conscientious and hardworking clerk.

4.leverage|ˈlev(ə)rij, ˈlēv(ə)rij|

noun
meaning:  the power to influence a person or situation to achieve a particular outcome

example:the right wing had lost much of its political leverage in the Assembly.

5.gruff|grəf|
adjective

meaning:abrupt or taciturn in manner
derivatives:

gruffly adverb.
gruffness noun

origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘coarse-grained’): from Flemish andDutch grof ‘coarse, rude,’ of West Germanic origin.
example:penetrate a gruff exterior and you will find him affable.

10/7

1.fractious|ˈfrakSHəs|
adjective

meaning:(typically of children) irritable and quarrelsome

origin:late 17th cent.: from fraction, probably on the pattern of the pair faction, factious.

example:they fight and squabble like fractious children.

2.ecstatic|ekˈstatik|
adjective

meaning: feeling or expressing overwhelming happiness or joyful excitement

derivatives:
ecstatically adverb

example: ecstatic fans filled the stadium.

3.contempt|kənˈtem(p)t| (cf:concept)

meaning:the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn

origin:late Middle English: from Latin contemptus, from contemnere

example: he showed his contempt for his job by doing it very badly.

4.defiant |diˈfīənt|
adjective

meaning:showing defiance
derivatives:
defiantly adjective

origin:late 16th cent.: from French défiant or directly from defiance

example: she was in a defiant mood.

5.wistful|ˈwistfəl|
adjective

meaning:having or showing a feeling of vague or regretful longing
derivatives:
wistfully adverb.
wistfulness noun
origin: early 17th cent: apparently from obsolete wistly ‘intently,’influenced by wishful.
example:a wistful smile

10/8

1.vista|ˈvistə|
noun

meaning:a pleasing view, esp. one seen through a long, narrow opening

origin:mid 17th cent.: from Italian, literally ‘view,’ from visto ‘seen,’ past participle of vedere ‘see,’ from Latin videre .

example:a vista of church spires.

2.hulk|həlk|

meaning: a large, clumsy-looking person

origin: Old English hulc‘fast ship,’ probably reinforced in Middle Englishby Middle Low German and Middle Dutch hulk; probably of Mediterranean origin and related to Greek holkas ‘cargo ship.’

example: a six-foot hulk of a man.

3.pungent |ˈpənjənt|
adjective

meaning:having a sharply strong taste or smell

derivatives:
pungency |ˈpənjənsē| noun.pungently adverb

origin: late 16th cent. (in the sense ‘very painful or distressing’): fromLatin pungent- ‘pricking,’ from the verb pungere .

example:the pungent smell of frying onions.

4.offshore|ˈôfˈSHôr, ˈäf-|
adjective& adverb

meaning: situated at sea some distance from the shore
example: this huge stretch of coastline is dominated by offshore barrier islands

5.absurd|əbˈsərd, -ˈzərd|
adjective

meaning:(of an idea or suggestion) wildly unreasonable, illogical, or inappropriate

derivatives:
absurdly adverb

origin: mid 16th cent.: from Latin absurdus ‘out of tune,’ hence‘irrational’; related to surdus ‘deaf, dull.’

example: the allegations are patently absurd 

10/9

1.obtrusive |əbˈtro͞osiv, äb-|
adjective

meaning:noticeable or prominent in an unwelcome or intrusive way
derivatives:
obtrusively adverb
obtrusiveness noun

origin: mid 17th cent.: from Latin obtrus- ‘thrust forward,’ from the verb obtrudere

example:high-powered satellites can reach smaller and less obtrusive antennas.

2.irrelevant|ɪˈrɛlɪv(ə)nt|
adjective

meaning:not connected with or relevant to something

derivatives:
irrelevantly adverb

example: theory can sometimes be hastily dismissed as irrelevant to the classroom.

3.imperceptible |ɪmpəˈsɛptɪb(ə)l|
adjective

meaning:so slight, gradual, or subtle as not to be perceived
derivatives:
imperceptibility |-ˈbɪlɪti| noun
imperceptibly adverb

origin: late Middle English: from French, or from medieval Latin imperceptibilis, from in- ‘not’ + perceptibilis, from the verb percipere
example: his head moved in an almost imperceptible nod.

4.totter |ˈtɒtə|
verb[ no obj., with adverbial ]

meaning:move in a feeble or unsteady way

derivatives:
totterer noun
tottery adjective

origin:late 19th cent.: from tot

example: a hunched figure tottering down the path.

5.tribute|ˈtrɪbjuːt|

meaning: an act, statement, or gift that is intended to show gratitude, respect, or admiration

origin: late Middle English : from Latin tributum, neuter past participle (used as a noun) of tribuere ‘assign’ (originally ‘divide between tribes’), from tribus ‘tribe’.
example: the video is a tribute to the musicals of the 40s 

9/26

9/26上課筆記

profix:
ac-:take
acclaim,accept,acquire,acknowledgment

con-:with,together
contents

tele-:far
telescope (cf:binoculars)

se-:apart,from,select
sequence,seclusion

ver/vir:make it true
vertual,virtual,vergil,virgil
ex:Could you provide the verification of your credit hours you've taken at Cambridge?

roll call:calling names of people from the list


vocabulary
9/26
1.gull|gəl|
verb
meanings:fool or deceive (someone)
origin: late Middle English: of Celtic origin; related to Welsh gwylan andBreton gwelan .
example:workers had been gulled intoinflicting poverty anddeprivation upon themselves.

2.abrupt|əˈbrəpt|
adjective
meanings: sudden and unexpected
derivatives:
abruptly adverb.
abruptness noun
origin: late 16th cent.: from Latin abruptus ‘broken off, steep,’ past participle of abrumpere, from ab- ‘away, from’ + rumpere ‘break.’
example: I was surprised by the abrupt change of subject

3.sinister |ˈsinistər|
adjective

    meanings: giving the impression that something harmful or evil is happening or will happen

derivatives:
sinisterly adverb.sinisterness noun
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘malicious, underhanded’): fromOld French sinistre or Latin sinister ‘left.’
example:there was something sinister about that murmuring voice.

4.colossal |kəˈläsəl|
acjective
meanings:extremely large
derivatives:
colossally adverb
origin:early 18th cent.: from French, from colosse, from Latin colossus
example:a colossal amount of mail 

5.factual|ˈfakCHo͞oəl|
adjective
meanings:concerned with what is actually the case rather than interpretations of orreactions to it
derivatives:
factuality noun.
factually adverb.
factualness noun
origin: mid 19th cent.: from fact, on the pattern of actual.
example: a mixture of comment and factual information.

9/29
1.imitation|ˌimiˈtāSHən|
noun
meanings:a thing intended to simulate or copy something else
phrases:
imitation is the sincerest form of flattery :copying someone or something is an implicit way of paying them a compliment.

origin: late Middle English: from Latin imitatio(n-), from the verb imitari

example: an imitation diamond.

2.spanke|spaNGk|
verb [ with obj. ]
meanings:slap with one's open hand or a flat object, esp. on the buttocks as a punishment
origin:early 18th cent.: perhaps imitative.
example: she was spanked for spilling ink on the carpet.

3.console|kənˈsōl|
verb
meanings:comfort (someone) at a time of grief or disappointment
derivatives:
consolable adjective.
consoler noun.
consolingly adverb
origin: mid 17th cent. (replacing earlier consolate): from French consoler, from Latin consolari, from con- ‘with’ + solari ‘soothe.’

example: she tried to console himbut he pushed her gently away 

4.proximity|präkˈsimətē|
noun
meanings:nearness in space, time, or relationship
origin: late 15th cent.: from French proximité, from Latin proximitas,from proximus ‘nearest.’
example: do not operate microphones in close proximity to television sets.

5.courtesy |ˈkərtəsē|
noun
meanings:the showing of politeness in one's attitude and behavior toward others
phrases:
by courtesy as a favor rather than by right: he was not at the conference only by courtesy.
(by) courtesy of given or allowed by: photograph courtesy of the Evening Star. (informal:as a result of; thanks to.)
origin:Middle English: from Old French cortesie, from corteis
example: he had been treated with a degree of courtesy not far short of deference.

9/30
1.glitter|ˈglitər|
verb [ no obj. ]
meanings:shine with a bright, shimmering, reflected light
derivatives:
glittery adjective
phrase:
all that glitters is not gold  the attractive external appearance of something is not a reliable indication of its true nature.
origin: late Middle English: from Old Norse glitra .
example: her eyes were glittering with excitement.

2.acute|əˈkyo͞ot|
adjective
meanings:
(of a bad, difficult, or unwelcome situation or phenomenon) present orexperienced to a severe or intense degree
derivatives:
acuteness noun
origin: late Middle English : from Latin acutus,past participle of acuere ‘sharpen,’ from acus ‘needle.’
example: the problem is acute and getting worse.

3.savor |ˈsāvər| (Brit.savour)

verb
meanings:[ with obj. ] taste (good food or drink) and enjoy it completely
derivatives:
savorless adjective
origin:Middle English: from Old French, from Latin sapor, from sapere‘to taste.’
example:gourmets will want to savor our game specialties.

4.anticlimax|ˌantēˈklīˌmaks, ˌantī-|
noun
meanings:a disappointing end to an exciting or impressive series of events
derivatives:
anticlimactic |-klīˈmaktik| adjective.anticlimactically |-klīˈmaktik(ə)lē| adverb
example:the rest of thejourney was an anticlimax by comparison 

5.reproach|riˈprōCH|
verb [ with obj. ]
meanings:address (someone) in such a way as to express disapproval or disappointment
derivatives:
reproachable adjective.
reproacher noun.reproachingly adverb
phrase:
above (or beyond) reproach such that no criticism can be made; perfect.
origin: Middle English: from Old French reprochier (verb), from a base meaning ‘bring back close,’ based on Latin prope ‘near.’

    example:critics of the administration reproached the president for his failure to tackle the deficiency 

10/1
1.drift|drift|
verb
meanings:be carried slowly by a current of air or water
derivatives:
drifty adjective
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘mass of snow, leaves, etc’): originally from Old Norse drift ‘snowdrift, something driven’; in later use fromMiddle Dutch drift ‘course, current’
example: the cabin cruiser started to drift down stream 

2.turbulence |ˈtərbyələns|
meanings:conflict; confusion
origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latinturbulentia, from turbulentus ‘full of commotion’ 
example:  a time of political turbulence.

3.momentum |mōˈmentəm, mə-|
noun
meanings: the impetus gained by a moving object
origin: late 17th cent.: from Latin, from movimentum, from movere ‘to move.’
example: the vehicle gained momentum as the road dipped.

4.fragile |ˈfrajəl, -ˌjīl|
adjective
meanings: flimsy or insubstantial; easily destroyed
derivatives:
fragilely |ˈfrajə(l)lē| adverb
origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘morally weak’): from Latin fragilis, from frangere ‘to break.’ The sense ‘liable to break’ dates from the mid 16th cent.
example: you have a fragile grip on reality.

5.sturdy |ˈstərdē|
adjective
meanings:(of a person or their body) strongly and solidly built
derivatives:
sturdily |-dl-ē| adverb.
sturdiness noun
origin: Middle English (in the senses ‘reckless, violent’ and ‘intractable,obstinate’): shortening of Old French esturdi ‘stunned, dazed.’ Thederivation remains obscure; thought by some to be based on Latin turdus ‘athrush’ (compare with the French phrase soûl comme une grive ‘drunk as a thrush’).

    example: he had a sturdy, muscular physique.

10/2
1.supercilious|ˌso͞opərˈsilēəs|
adjective
meanings:behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others
derivatives:
superciliously adverb.
superciliousness noun
origin: early 16th cent.: from Latin superciliosus ‘haughty,’ fromsupercilium ‘eyebrow.’
example: a supercilious lady's maid.

2.arrogant|ˈarəgənt|
adjective
meanings:having or revealing an exaggerated sense of one's own importance or abilities
derivatives:
arrogantly adverb
origin:late Middle English: via Old French from Latin arrogant- ‘claiming for oneself,’ from the verb arrogare 
example:he's arrogant and opinionated 

3.ajar |əˈjär|
adverb& adjective
meanings:(of a door or other opening) slightly open
origin: late 17th cent.: from a-‘on’ + obsolete char(Old English)‘a turn,return.’
example: she had left the window ajar that morning

4.glisten |ˈglisən|
verb[no obj.]
meanings:(of something wet or greasy) shine; glitter
derivatives:
glisteningly adverb
origin: Old English glisnian, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Low German glisen. The noun dates from the mid 19th cent.
example:his cheeks glistened with tears

5.strain|strān|
verb
meanings:[ with obj. ] force (a part of one's body or oneself) to make a strenuous or unusually great effort
derivatives:
strainable adjective
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French estreindre, from Latin stringere ‘draw tight.’ Current senses of the noun arose in the mid 16th cent.
example: I stopped and listened, straining my ears for any sound.