week11 (8)

 上課筆記

Setting(time, place)
Plot
Character(hero, heroine)

share a flat with other people ---> apartment

good gracious

tavern (not pub)

what a nuisance

artistic
literary
intellectual


Etymology:

ex-: out 
exceed, expel, except

pro-: forward
process, promote, progress, project

sus-: under
sustain, suspicious, suspect, suspend

trans-: across, through
transportation, transparent, transfer, transplant

con-: together
consumption, continue, conflict, contact

pre-: before
prevent, pretext, predict, prefer



vocabulary
1.displace |disˈplās|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: take over the place, position, or role of (someone or something)
origin: mid 16th cent.: from Old French desplacer .
example: in the northern states of India, Hindi has largely displaced English.

2.domestic |dəˈmestik|
adjective
meaning: of or relating to the running of a home or to family relations 
origin: late Middle English: from French domestique, from Latin domesticus, from domus ‘house.’
example: domestic violence.

3.layout |ˈlāˌout|
noun
meaning: the way in which the parts of something are arranged or laid out
example: changing the layout of the ground floor.

4.maintenance |ˈmānt(ə)nəns|
noun
meaning: the process of maintaining or preserving someone or something, or the state of being maintained
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘aiding a party in a legal action without lawful cause’): from Old French, from maintenir 
example: crucial conditions for the maintenance of democratic government.

5.partition |pärˈtiSHən |
noun
meaning: (especially with reference to a country with separate areas of government) the action or state of dividing or being divided into parts
origin: late Middle English: from Latin partitio(n-), from partiri ‘divide into parts.’
example: the country's partition into separate states.

6.optimum |ˈäptəməm|
adjective
meaning: most conducive to a favorable outcome; best
origin: late 19th cent.: from Latin, neuter (used as a noun) of optimus ‘best.’
example: the optimum childbearing age.

7.practical |ˈpraktikəl|
adjective
meaning: of or concerned with the actual doing or use of something rather than with theory and ideas
origin: late 16th cent.: from archaic practic‘practical’ (from Old Frenchpractique, via late Latin from Greek praktikos ‘concerned with action,’ from prattein ‘do, act’) + -al
example: there are two obvious practical applications of the research.

8.prior |ˈprīər|
adjective [ attrib. ]
meaning: existing or coming before in time, order, or importance
origin: late Old English, from a medieval Latin noun use of Latin prior ‘elder, former’
example: he has a prior engagement this evening.

9.storage |ˈstôrij|
noun
meaning: the action or method of storing something for future use
example: the chair can be folded flat for easy storage

10.float |flōt|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: rest or move on or near the surface of a liquid without sinking
origin: Old English flotian(verb), of Germanic origin and related to fleet, reinforced in Middle English by Old French floter, also from Germanic.
example: she relaxed, floating gently in the water.

11.impose |imˈpōz|
verb
meaning:  [ with obj. ] force (something unwelcome or unfamiliar) to be accepted or put in place
origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘impute’): from French imposer, from Latinimponere ‘inflict, deceive’ (from in- ‘in, upon’ + ponere ‘put’), but influenced by impositus ‘inflicted’ and Old French poser ‘to place.’
example: the decision was theirs and was not imposed on them by others.

12.mount |mount|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: climb up (stairs, a hill, or other rising surface)
origin: Old English munt, from Latin mons, mont- ‘mountain,’ reinforced in Middle English by Old French mont .
example: he mounted the steps to the front door.

13.ongoing |ˈänˌgōiNG |
adjective
meaning: continuing; still in progress
example: ongoing negotiations.

14.radiant |ˈrādēənt|
adjective
meaning: sending out light; shining or glowing brightly
origin: late Middle English: from Latin radiant- ‘emitting rays,’ from the verb radiare 
example:  a bird with radiant green and red plumage.

15.replicate |ˈrepliˌkāt| 
verb
meaning: make an exact copy of; reproduce
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘repeat’): from Latin replicat-, from the verb replicare, from re- ‘back, again’ + plicare ‘to fold.’ The current senses date from the late 19th cent.
example: it might be impractical to replicate eastern culture in the west.

16.shift |SHift|
verb
meaning: move or cause to move from one place to another, especially over a small distance
origin:  Old English sciftan‘arrange, divide, apportion,’ of Germanic origin; related to German schichten ‘to layer, stratify.’ A common Middle English sense ‘change, replace’ gave rise to the noun
example: I shift the weight back to the other leg

17.shortage |ˈSHôrtij|
noun
meaning: a state or situation in which something needed cannot be obtained in sufficient amounts
example: a shortage of hard cash

18.suspend |səˈspend|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: temporarily prevent from continuing or being in force or effect
origin: Middle English: from Old French suspendre or Latin suspendere, from sub- ‘from below’ + pendere ‘hang.’
example: work on the dam was suspended.

19.tear |te(ə)r|
verb
meaning: pull or rip (something) apart or to pieces with force
origin: Old English teran, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch teren and Germanzehren, from an Indo-European root shared by Greek derein ‘flay.’ The noun dates from the early 17th cent.
example:  I tore up the letter.

    20.transformation |ˌtransfərˈmāSHən|
    noun

    meaning: a thorough or dramatic change in form or appearance

origin: late Middle English: from Old French, or from late Latin transformatio(n-), from the verb transformare
example: its landscape has undergone a radical transformation.

21.remote |riˈmōt|
adjective
meaning: (of a place) situated far from the main centers of population; distant
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘far apart’): from Latin remotus ‘removed,’ past participle of removere
example: a remote Oregon valley

22.manipulate |məˈnipyəˌlāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: handle or control (a tool, mechanism, etc.), typically in a skillful manner
origin: early 19th cent.: back-formation from earlier manipulation, from Latin manipulus ‘handful.’
example: he manipulated the dials of the set.

23.replica |ˈreplikə|
noun
meaning: an exact copy or model of something, especially one on a smaller scale
origin: mid 18th cent. (as a musical term in the sense ‘a repeat’): from Italian, from replicare ‘to reply.’
example: a replica of the Empire State Building.

24.reflective |riˈflektiv| 
adjective
meaning: providing a reflection; capable of reflecting light or other radiation
example: reflective glass

25.incredulous |inˈkrejələs|
adjective
meaning: (of a person or their manner) unwilling or unable to believe something
origin: late 16th cent.: from Latin incredulus (from in- ‘not’ + credulus ‘believing, trusting,’ from credere ‘believe’) + -ous
example: an incredulous gasp.

week10 (7)

檢討期中考   看A Room With a View電影

vocabulary
1.credible |ˈkredəbəl|
adjective
meaning: able to be believed; convincing
origin: late Middle English: from Latin credibilis, from credere ‘believe.’
example: few people found his story credible

2.criteria |krīˈti(ə)rēən|
noun (pl. criteria |-ˈti(ə)rēə| )
meaning: a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided
origin: early 17th cent.: from Greek kritērion ‘means of judging,’ from kritēs 
example: the launch came too close to violating safety criteria.

3.dismiss|disˈmis|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: order or allow to leave; send away
origin: late Middle English: from medieval Latin dismiss-, variant of Latindimiss- ‘sent away,’ from the verb dimittere .
example: she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road. 

4.extraterrestrial |ˌekstrətəˈrestrēəl|
adjective
meaning: of or from outside the earth or its atmosphere
example:  searches for extraterrestrial intelligence.

5.galaxy |ˈgaləksē|
noun (pl. galaxies)
meaning: a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.
origin: late Middle English (originally referring to the Milky Way): via Old Frenchfrom medieval Latin galaxia, from Greek galaxias (kuklos)‘milky (vault),’ from gala, galakt- ‘milk.’

6.launch |lônCH|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning:  set (a boat) in motion by pushing it or allowing it to roll into the water
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘hurl a missile, discharge with force’): from Anglo-Norman French launcher, variant of Old French lancier 
example: the town's lifeboat was launched to rescue the fishermen.

7.mainstream |ˈmānˌstrēm|
noun 
meaning: the ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; the dominant trend in opinion, fashion, or the arts
example: companies that are bringing computers to the mainstream of American life.

8.orbit |ˈôrbit|
noun
meaning: the curved path of a celestial object or spacecraft around a star, planet, or moon, especially a periodic elliptical revolution.
origin: from Latin orbita ‘course, track’ (in medieval Latin‘eye socket’), feminine of orbitus ‘circular,’ from orbis ‘ring.’
example: planets in orbit around the sun.

9.molecule |ˈmäləˌkyo͞ol|
noun
meaning: a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.
origin: late 18th cent.: from French molécule, from modern Latin molecula, diminutive of Latin moles ‘mass.’

10.amateur |ˈamətər|
noun
meaning: a person considered contemptibly inept at a particular activity
origin: late 18th cent.: from French, from Italian amatore, from Latin amator ‘lover,’ from amare ‘to love.’
example: that bunch of stumbling amateurs.

11.distort |disˈtôrt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: pull or twist out of shape 
origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘twist to one side’): from Latin distort- ‘twisted apart,’ from the verb distorquere, from dis- ‘apart’ + torquere ‘to twist.’
example: a grimace distorted her fine mouth.

12.loophole |ˈlo͞opˌ(h)ōl|
noun
meaning: an ambiguity or inadequacy in the law or a set of rules
origin: late 16th cent. (denoting an arrow slit): from obsolete loop‘embrasure’ + hole
example: they exploited tax loopholes. 

13.account |əˈkount|
noun
meaning: a report or description of an event or experience
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘counting,’‘to count’): from Old Frenchacont (noun), aconter (verb), based on conter ‘to count.’
example: a detailed account of what has been achieved. 

14.fundamental |ˌfəndəˈmentl|
adjective
meaning: forming a necessary base or core; of central importance
origin: late Middle English: from French fondamental, or late Latinfundamentalis, from Latin fundamentum, from fundare ‘to found.’
example: the protection of fundamental human rights 

15.literally |ˈlitərəlē |
adverb
meaning: in a literal manner or sense; exactly
example: the driver took it literally when asked to go straight across the traffic circle

16.overestimate |ˌōvərˈestəˌmāt| 
verb
meaning: estimate (something) to be better, larger, or more important than it really is
example: his influence cannot be overestimated. 

17.planetarium |ˌplaniˈte(ə)rēəm|
noun (pl. planetariums or planetaria |-ˈte(ə)rēə| )
meaning:  a building in which images of stars, planets, and constellations are projected on the inner surface of a dome for public entertainment or education.
origin: mid 18th cent.: modern Latin, from Latin planetarius ‘relating to the planets.’

18.probe |prōb|

    verb

meaning: physically explore or examine (something) with the hands or an instrument
origin: researchers probing the digestive glands of mollusks.
example: late Middle English (as a noun): from late Latin proba ‘proof’ (in medieval Latin‘examination’), from Latin probare ‘to test.’ The verb dates from the mid 17th cent.

19.prompt |prämpt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: (of an event or fact) cause or bring about (an action or feeling)
origin: Middle English (as a verb): based on Old French prompt or Latinpromptus ‘brought to light,’ also ‘prepared, ready,’ past participle of promere ‘to produce,’ from pro- ‘out, forth’ + emere ‘take.’
example: his death has prompted an industry-wide investigation of safety violations.

    20.punch |pənCH|
    verb [ with obj. ]

    meaning:  strike with the fist

origin: late Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘puncture, prod’): variant of pounce
example: she punched him int he face and ran off.

21.shortcut |ˈSHôrtˌkət|
noun
meaning: an accelerated way of doing or achieving something
example: the promise of a shortcut to optimum health and fitness is a tantalizing one.

22.skepticism |ˈskeptəˌsizəm| 
noun
meaning: a skeptical attitude; doubt as to the truth of something
example: these claims were treated with skepticism.

23.determined |diˈtərmind|
adjective
meaning: having made a firm decision and being resolved not to change it
origin: late Middle English: from Old French determiner, from Latindeterminare ‘limit, fix,’ from de- ‘completely’ + terminare ‘terminate.’ 
example: Alice was determined to be heard.

24.investigation |inˌvestiˈgāSHən|
noun
meaning: the action of investigating something or someone; formal or systematic examination or research
origin: late Middle English: from Latin investigatio(n-), from the verb investigare
example: he is under investigation for receiving illicit funds.

25.layout |ˈlāˌout|
noun
meaning: the way in which the parts of something are arranged or laid out
example: changing the layout of the ground floor.