12/27(補1/2)

上課內容：

Hook: A narrative hook (or hook) is a literary technique in the opening of a story that "hooks" the reader's attention so that he or she will keep on reading.

impotent: unable to take effective action; helpless or powerless
imcompotent: not having or showing the necessary skills to do something successfully
omnipotent: (of a deity) having unlimited power; able to do anything.
omniscient: knowing everything
conscience: an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.
conscious: aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.
omnivorous: (of an animal or person) feeding on food of both plant and animal origin.

foe(negative)
enemy
rivalry(positive)

Etymology:
str-: pressure
strain, stress, strict, strangle

cur-: run, move
curriculum, cursory, cursive, current

ac-: to
accelerate, accede, accredit, access

extra-: outside, beyond
extraordinary, extraneous, extramarital, extract

ant-: before
anticipate, antecede, antediluvain, anterior

vocabulary
1/2
1.belong|biˈlôNG|
verb 
meaning: (of a thing) be rightly placed in a specified position
derivatives:
belongingness noun
origin:  Middle English (in the sense ‘be appropriately assigned to’): from be- (as an intensifier) + the archaic verb long‘belong,’ based on Old English gelang‘at hand, together with.’
example: learning to place the blame where it belongs.

2.crimson |ˈkrimzən|
adjective
meaning: of a rich deep red color inclining to purple
origin: late Middle English: from obsolete French cramoisin or Old Spanish cremesin, based on Arabic ḳirmizī, from ḳirmiz
example: she blushed crimson with embarrassment.

3.soothe |so͞oT͟H|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: gently calm (a person or their feelings)
origin: Old English sōthian‘verify, show to be true,’ from sōth‘true’ . In the 16th cent. the verb passed through the senses ‘corroborate (a statement),’‘humor (a person) by expressing assent’ and ‘flatter by one's assent,’ whence ‘mollify, appease’ (late 17th cent).
example: a shot of brandy might soothe his nerves.

4.glint |glint|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: give out or reflect small flashes of light
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘move quickly or obliquely’): variant of dialect glent, probably of Scandinavian origin and related to Swedishdialect glänta, glinta ‘to slip, slide, gleam.’
example: her glasses were glinting in the firelight.

5.flutter |ˈflətər|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: (of a bird or other winged creature) fly unsteadily or hover by flapping the wings quickly and lightly
derivatives:
flutterer noun
flutteringly adverb
fluttery adjective
origin:  Old English floterian, flotorian, a frequentative form related to fleet.
example: a couple of butterflies fluttered around the garden.

1/5
1.tournament|ˈtərnəmənt|
noun
meaning: (in a sport or game) a series of contests between a number of competitors,who compete for an overall prize.
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French variants ofOld French torneiement, from torneier ‘take part in a tourney’

2.contempt|kənˈtem(p)t|
noun
meaning: the feeling that a person or a thing is beneath consideration, worthless, or deserving scorn
origin: late Middle English: from Latin contemptus, from contemnere 
example: he showed his contempt for his job by doing it very badly.

3.peremptory|pəˈremptərē|
adjective
meaning: (esp. of a person's manner or actions) insisting on immediate attention or obedience, esp. in a brusquely imperious way
derivatives:
peremptorily |-tərəlē| adverb.peremptoriness |-rēnis| noun
origin:  late Middle English (as a legal term): via Anglo-Norman French fromLatin peremptorius ‘deadly, decisive,’ from perempt- ‘destroyed, cut off,’ from the verb perimere, from per- ‘completely’ + emere ‘take, buy.’

4.catastrophe |kəˈtastrəfē|
noun
meaning: an event causing great and often sudden damage or suffering; a disaster
origin: mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘denouement’): from Latincatastropha, from Greek katastrophē ‘overturning, sudden turn,’ fromkata- ‘down’ + strophē ‘turning’ (from strephein ‘to turn’).
example: a national economic catastrophe 

5.corroborate |kəˈräbəˌrāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: confirm or give support to (a statement, theory, or finding)
derivatives:
corroborative |-ˈräb(ə)rətiv| adjectivecorroborator |-ˌrātər| nouncorroboratory |-ˈräb(ə)rəˌtôrē| adjective
origin:  mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘make physically stronger’): fromLatin corroborat- ‘strengthened,’ from the verb corroborare, from cor-‘together’ + roborare, from robur ‘strength.’
example: the witness had corroborated the boy's account of the attack.

1/6
1.vague|vāg|
adjective
meaning: of uncertain, indefinite, or unclear character or meaning
derivatives:
vagueness nounvaguish adjective
origin: mid 16th cent.: from French, or from Latin vagus ‘wandering, uncertain.’
example: many patients suffer vague symptoms.

2.intention |inˈtenCHən|
noun
meaning: a thing intended; an aim or plan
derivatives:
intentioned adjective 
origin:  late Middle English: from Old French entencion, from Latin intentio(n-) ‘stretching, purpose,’ from intendere
example: she was full of good intentions

3.remote |riˈmōt|
adjective
meaning: (of a place) situated far from the main centers of population; distant
derivatives:
remoteness noun
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘far apart’): from Latin remotus‘removed,’ past participle of removere 
example: a remote Oregon valley
4.nibble|ˈnibəl|
verb
meaning: take small bites out of
origin: late 15th cent.: probably of Low German or Dutch origin; compare with Low German nibbeln ‘gnaw.’
example: he sat nibbling a cookie

5.sturdy |ˈstərdē|
adjective
meaning: (of a person or their body) strongly and solidly built
derivatives:
sturdily |-dl-ē| adverbsturdiness noun
origin: Middle English (in the senses ‘reckless, violent’ and ‘intractable,obstinate’): shortening of Old French esturdi ‘stunned, dazed.’ Thederivation remains obscure; thought by some to be based on Latin turdus ‘a thrush’ (compare with the French phrase soûl comme une grive ‘drunk as a thrush’).
example: he had a sturdy, muscular physique.

1/7
1.egotism |ˈēgəˌtizəm|
noun
meaning: the practice of talking and thinking about oneself excessively because of anundue sense of self-importance
origin: early 18th cent.: from French égoïste, from Latin ego ‘I.’ 
example: in his arrogance and egotism, he underestimated Jill.

2.nourish |ˈnəriSH |
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: provide with the food or other substances necessary for growth, health, and good condition
origin: Middle English: from Old French noriss-, lengthened stem of norir, from Latin nutrire ‘feed, cherish.’
example: I was doing everything I could to nourish and protect the baby

3.peremptory |pəˈremptərē|
adjective
meaning: [Law] not open to appeal or challenge; final
derivatives:
peremptorily |-tərəlē| adverbperemptoriness |-rēnis| noun
origin:  late Middle English (as a legal term): via Anglo-Norman French fromLatin peremptorius ‘deadly, decisive,’ from perempt- ‘destroyed, cut off,’ from the verb perimere, from per- ‘completely’ + emere ‘take, buy.’
example: there has been no disobedience of a peremptory order of the court.

4.estate |iˈstāt|
 noun
meaning: all the money and property owned by a particular person, esp. at death
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘state or condition’): from Old Frenchestat, from Latin status ‘state, condition,’ from stare ‘to stand.’
example: in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter.

5.persistent |pərˈsistənt|
adjective
meaning: continuing firmly or obstinately in a course of action in spite of difficulty or opposition
derivatives:
persistently adverb
example: one of the government's most persistent critics.


1/8
1.waver |ˈwāvər|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: shake with a quivering motion
derivatives:
waveringly adverbwavery adjective
origin: Middle English: from Old Norse vafra ‘flicker,’ of Germanic origin.
example: the flame wavered in the draft.

2.leisure|ˈlēZHər|
noun
meaning: use of free time for enjoyment
origin: Middle English: from Old French leisir, based on Latin licere ‘be allowed.’
example: increased opportunities for leisure

3.secure|siˈkyo͝or|
adjective
meaning:fixed or fastened so as not to give way, become loose, or be lost
derivatives:
securable adjective
securely adverb
securement noun
example: check to ensure that all nuts and bolts are secure.

4.intimate |ˈintəmit|
adjective
meaning:closely acquainted; familiar, close
origin: early 17th cent. (as a noun): from late Latin intimatus, past participle of Latin intimare ‘impress, make familiar,’ from intimus‘inmost.’

example: intimate friends 

5.tremble|ˈtrembəl|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: shake involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety, excitement, or frailty
derivatives:
tremblingly |-b(ə)liNGlē| adverb
origin: Middle English (as a verb): from Old French trembler, from medieval Latin tremulare, from Latin tremulus 
example: Isobel was trembling with excitement.

12/26

上課內容：

change: fundamental but not precise
alter: alternative, alteration, alternating, current
rotate: rotation
shift: automobile
switch: verb and noun, on and off

Etymology:
pre-: before
predictor, prepare, prevent, precede

-firm: strong
confirm, affirm, infirm

in-: not, in
involve, inaction, indoor, inappropriate

ob-: toward, against, in the way
obsession, obtain, object, obstacle

mini-: small, less
minimize, minimum, miniature, diminish

vers-: turn, change
adversity, reverse, universe, conversation



vocabulary
12/26
1.extraordinary|ikˈstrôrdnˌerē|
adjective
meaning: very unusual or remarkable
derivatives:
extraordinarily |-ˌerəlē| adverb [ as submodifier ] : an extraordinarily beautiful girl.
extraordinariness noun
origin: late Middle English: from Latin extraordinarius, from extra ordinem ‘outside the normal course of events.’
example: it is extraordinary that no consultation took place.

2.hyperactive |ˌhīpərˈaktiv|
adjective
meaning: abnormally or extremely active
derivatives:
hyperactivity |-ˌakˈtivitē| noun
example: a hyperactive pituitary gland.

3.livelihood|ˈlīvlēˌho͝od|
noun
meaning: a means of securing the necessities of life
origin:  Old English līflād‘way of life,’ from līf‘life’ + lād ‘course’. The change in the word's form in the 16th cent. was due to association with lively and -hood
example: people whose livelihoods depend on the rain forest.

4.repetitive |riˈpetətiv|
adjective
meaning: containing or characterized by repetition, esp. when unnecessary or tiresome
derivatives:
repetitively adverbrepetitiveness noun
example: a repetitive task.

5.trace|trās|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: find or discover by investigation
derivatives:
traceability |ˌtrāsəˈbilitē| nountraceable adjectivetraceless adjective
origin:  Middle English (first recorded as a noun in the sense ‘path that someone or something takes’): from Old French trace (noun), tracier(verb), based on Latin tractus
example: police are trying to trace a white van seen in the area.

12/29
1.savant |saˈvänt |
noun
meaning: a learned person, esp. a distinguished scientist.
origin: early 18th cent.: French, literally ‘knowing (person),’ present participle (used as a noun) of savoir .

2.tangible|ˈtanjəbəl|
adjective
meaning: clear and definite; real
derivatives:
tangibility |ˌtanjəˈbilitē| nountangibleness nountangibly |-blē| adverb
origin: late 16th cent.: from French, or from late Latin tangibilis, fromtangere ‘to touch.’
example: the emphasis is now on tangible results.

3.verandas |vəˈrandə| 
noun
meaning: a roofed platform along the outside of a house, level with the ground floor.
example: early 18th cent.: from Hindi varaṇḍā, from Portuguese varanda‘railing, balustrade.’

4.tentative|ˈtentətiv|
adjective
meaning: not certain or fixed; provisional
origin: late 16th cent.: from medieval Latin tentativus, from tentare, variant of temptare ‘handle, try.’
example: a tentative conclusion.

5.turbulent|ˈtərbyələnt|
adjective
meaning: characterized by conflict, disorder, or confusion; not controlled or calm
origin: late Middle English: from Latin turbulentus ‘full of commotion,’from turba ‘crowd.’ 
example: her turbulent emotions.

12/30
1.sedative |ˈsedətiv|
adjective
meaning: promoting calm or inducing sleep
origin: late Middle English: from Old French sedatif or medieval Latinsedativus, from Latin sedat- ‘settled,’ from the verb sedare
example: the seeds have a sedative effect.

2.cynical |ˈsinikəl|
adjective
meaning: believing that people are motivated by self-interest; distrustful of human sincerity or integrity
example: her cynical attitude.

3.feeble|ˈfēbəl|
adjective
meaning: lacking physical strength, esp. as a result of age or illness
origin: Middle English: from Old French fieble, earlier fleible, from Latinflebilis ‘lamentable,’ from flere ‘weep.’
example: my legs are very feeble after the flu.

4.absent |ˈabsənt|
adjective 
meaning: not present in a place, at an occasion, or as part of something
origin:  Middle English: via Old French from Latin absens, absent- ‘being absent,’ present participle of abesse, from ab- ‘from, away’ + esse ‘to be.’
example: most students were absent from school at least once 

5.ethereal|iˈTHi(ə)rēəl|
adjective
meaning: extremely delicate and light in a way that seems too perfect for this world
origin:  early 16th cent.: via Latin from Greek aitherios (from aithēr‘ether’) + -al
example: her ethereal beauty

12/31
1.defiant|diˈfīənt|
adjective
meaning: showing defiance
origin: late 16th cent.: from French défiant or directly from defiance.
example: she was in a defiant mood.

2.scorn |skôrn|
noun
meaning: the feeling or belief that someone or something is worthless or despicable; contempt
origin: Middle English: shortening of Old French escarn (noun), escharnir(verb), of Germanic origin.
example: I do not wish to become the object of scorn 

3.sophisticate |səˈfistəˌkāt| 
verb
meaning: make (someone or something) more sophisticated
origin: late Middle English (as an adjective in the sense ‘adulterated,’ andas a verb in the sense ‘mix with a foreign substance’): from medieval Latinsophisticatus ‘tampered with,’ past participle of the verb sophisticare, from sophisticus ‘sophistic.’ The shift of sense probably occurred first in the adjective unsophisticated, from ‘uncorrupted’ via ‘innocent’ to‘inexperienced, uncultured.’ 
example: readers who have been sophisticated by modern literary practice 

4.instant|ˈinstənt|
adjective
meaning: happening or coming immediately
origin: Old French from Latin instant-‘being at hand,’ from the verb instare, from in- ‘in, at’ + stare ‘to stand.’
example: the offense justified instant dismissal.

5.cease |sēs|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: bring or come to an end
origin:  Middle English: from Old French cesser, from Latin cessare ‘stop,’from cedere ‘to yield.’
example: the hostilities had ceased and normal life was resumed 

1/1
1.compel|kəmˈpel|
verb
meaning: force or oblige (someone) to do something
origin: late Middle English: from Latin compellere, from com- ‘together’+ pellere ‘drive.’
example: a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions.

2.insincere |ˌinsinˈsi(ə)r|
adjective
meaning:not expressing genuine feelings
derivatives:
insincerely adverbinsincerity |-ˈseritē| noun
origin: mid 17th cent.: from Latin insincerus, from in- ‘not’ + sincerus‘sincere.’
example: she flashed him an insincere smile.

3.contributory |kənˈtribyəˌtôrē|
adjective
meaning: playing a part in bringing something about
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘contributing to a fund’): from medieval Latin contributorius, from Latin contribut- ‘added’
example: smoking may be a contributory cause of lung cancer.

4.smirk|smərk|
verb 
meaning: smile in an irritatingly smug, conceited, or silly way
origin: Old English sme(a)rcian, from a base shared by smile. The early sensewas ‘to smile’; it later gained a notion of smugness or silliness.
example: he smirked in triumph.

5.assert|əˈsərt|
verb
meaning:state a fact or belief confidently and forcefully
origin: early 17th cent.: from Latin asserere ‘claim, affirm,’ from ad- ‘to’+ serere ‘to join.’
example: the company asserts that the cuts will not affect development