week2 (1)

上課筆記

adj. --> lovely, friendly

en: encourage, enlarge, deepen, strengthen
-ant: contestant, attendant, participant, applicant, protestant (WASP) -->Christian, Catholic

hypothesis, hypodermic <--> hyperactive



Etymology:

dom-, dorm-: house, sleep
domestic, dormitory, dominate, domesticate

arch-: chief, ancient
architect, archaic, archaeology, archipelago

multi-: many, much
multiple, multitude, multifold, multinational

con-: together, with
conventional, conceal, concurrent, concede

pro-: forth, forward, ahead, 
profile, propagate, propel

com-: together, with
combine, communicate, compose, complex


vocabulary
1.abash |əˈbaSH|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: cause to feel embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed
origin: Middle English: from Anglo-Norman French abaïss-; compare with Old French esbaïss-, lengthened stem of esbaïr, from es- ‘utterly’ + baïr ‘astound.’
example: she was not abashed at being caught.

2.abate |əˈbāt|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: (of something perceived as hostile, threatening, or negative) become less intense or widespread
origin: Middle English (in the legal sense ‘put a stop to (a nuisance)’): from Old French abatre ‘to fell,’ from a- (from Latin ad ‘to, at’) + batre ‘to beat’ (from Latin battere, battuere ‘to beat’).
example: the storm suddenly abated.

3.dwindle |ˈdwindl|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: diminish gradually in size, amount, or strength
origin: late 16th cent.: frequentative of Scots and dialect dwine ‘fade away,’from Old English dwīnan, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch dwīnen and Old Norse dvína .
example: traffic has dwindled to a trickle

4.abdicate |ˈabdiˌkāt|
verb
meaning: fail to fulfill or undertake (a responsibility or duty)
origin: mid 16th cent.: from Latin abdicat- ‘renounced,’ from the verb abdicare, from ab- ‘away, from’ + dicare ‘declare.’
example: the government was accused of abdicating its responsibility

5.loathe |lōT͟H|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: feel intense dislike or disgust for
origin: Old English lāthian, of Germanic origin
example: she loathed him on sight.

6.adhere |adˈhi(ə)r|
verb [ no obj. ] (adhere to)
meaning: stick fast to (a surface or substance)
origin: late 15th cent.: from Latin adhaerere, from ad- ‘to’ + haerere ‘to stick.’
example: paint won't adhere well to a greasy surface.

7.annul |əˈnəl|
verb
meaning: declare invalid (an official agreement, decision, or result) 
origin: late Middle English: from Old French anuller, from late Latin annullare, from ad- ‘to’ + nullum ‘nothing.’
example: the elections were annulled by the general amid renewed protests.

8.terminate |ˈtərməˌnāt|
verb
meaning: bring to an end
origin: late 16th cent. (in the sense ‘direct an action toward a specified end’): from Latin terminat- ‘limited, ended,’ from the verb terminare, from terminus ‘end, boundary.’
example: he was advised to terminate the contract. 

9.abortive |əˈbôrtiv|
adjective
meaning: failing to produce the intended result
origin: Middle English (as a noun denoting a stillborn child or animal): via Old French from Latin abortivus, from aboriri ‘miscarry’ 
example: an abortive attempt to overthrow the government.

10.condense|kənˈdens|
verb
meaning: make (something) denser or more concentrated
origin: late Middle English: from Old French condenser or Latin condensare, from condensus ‘very thick,’ from con- ‘completely’ + densus ‘dense.’ 
example: the limestones of the Jurassic age are condensed into a mere 11 feet. 
11.sheer |SHi(ə)r|
adjective
meaning: [ attrib. ] nothing other than; unmitigated (used for emphasis)
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘exempt, cleared’): probably an alteration of dialect shire‘pure, clear,’ from the Germanic base of the verb shine
example: she giggled with sheer delight 

12.emancipate |iˈmansəˌpāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: set free, especially from legal, social, or political restrictions
origin: early 17th cent.: from Latin emancipat- ‘transferred as property,’ from the verb emancipare, from e- (variant of ex-)‘out’ + mancipium ‘slave.’
example: the citizen must be emancipated from the obsessive secrecy of government.

13.allure |əˈlo͝or|
noun
meaning: the quality of being powerfully and mysteriously attractive or fascinating 
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘tempt, entice’): from Old French aleurier ‘attract,’ from a- (from Latin ad ‘to’) + luere ‘a lure’ (originally a falconry term). 
example: people for whom gold holds no allure.

14.enchanting|enˈCHantiNG|
adjective
meaning: delightfully charming or attractive
origin: late Middle English (in the senses ‘put under a spell’ and ‘delude’; formerly also as inchant): from French enchanter, from Latin incantare, from in- ‘in’ + cantare ‘sing.’
example: Dinah looked enchanting.

15.abstain |abˈstān|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: restrain oneself from doing or enjoying something
origin: late Middle English: from Old French abstenir, from Latin abstinere, from ab- ‘from’ + tenere ‘hold.’
example: abstaining from chocolate.

16.conceptual |kənˈsepCHo͞oəl|
adjective
meaning: of, relating to, or based on mental concepts
origin:mid 17th cent.: from medieval Latin conceptualis, from Latinconcept- ‘conceived,’ from the verb concipere 
example: philosophy deals with conceptual difficulties.

17.profound |prəˈfound|
adjective
meaning: (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense
origin: Middle English: from Old French profund, from Latin profundus ‘deep,’ from pro ‘before’ + fundus ‘bottom.’ The word was used earliest in the sense ‘showing deep insight.’
example: profound social changes 

18.abstruse |abˈstro͞os|
adjective
meaning: difficult to understand; obscure
origin: late 16th cent.: from Latin abstrusus ‘put away, hidden,’ from abstrudere ‘conceal,’ from ab- ‘from’ + trudere ‘to push.’
example: an abstruse philosophical inquiry.

19.collegiate |kəˈlējət|
adjective
meaning: belonging or relating to a college or its students 
origin: late Middle English: from late Latin collegiatus, from collegium ‘partnership, association’
example: collegiate life. 

    20.expedite |ˈekspəˌdīt|
    verb [ with obj. ]

    meaning: make (an action or process) happen sooner or be accomplished more quickly

origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘perform quickly’): from Latinexpedire ‘extricate (originally by freeing the feet), put in order,’ from ex- ‘out’ + pes, ped- ‘foot.’
example: he promised to expedite economic reforms.

21.accomplice |əˈkämplis|
noun
meaning: a person who helps another commit a crime.
example: mid 16th cent.: alteration of Middle English complice‘an associate,’ via Old French from late Latin complex, complic- ‘allied,’ from com- ‘together’ + the root of plicare ‘to fold.’

22.address |ˈaˌdres|
verb
meaning: speak to (a person or an assembly), typically in a formal way
origin: Middle English (as a verb in the senses ‘set upright’ and ‘guide, direct,’ hence ‘write directions for delivery on’ and ‘direct spoken words to’): from Old French, based on Latin ad- ‘toward’ + directus. The noun is of mid 16th-cent. origin in the sense ‘act of approaching or speaking to someone.’
example: she addressed an audience of the most important Shawnee chiefs 

23.account |əˈkount|
verb
meaning: consider or regard in a specified way 
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘counting,’‘to count’): from Old French acont (noun), aconter (verb), based on conter ‘to count.’
example: her visit could not be accounted a success 

24.conventional |kənˈvenCHənl|
adjective
meaning: based on or in accordance with what is generally done or believed
origin: late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘relating to a formal agreement or convention’): from French conventionnel or late Latin conventionalis, from Latin conventio(n-) ‘meeting, covenant,’ from the verb convenire
example: a conventional morality had dictated behavior.

25.tart |tärt|
adjective
meaning: sharp or acid in taste
origin: Old English teart‘harsh, severe,’ of unknown origin.
example: a tart apple.