12/5

上課內容
christmas song: N. V. information --> 2拍
sop --> sequence of process

success is counted sweetest.

dis-: not,opposite reverse away
disarray, disconnect, disloyal

-ist: a person who practices in a specific field.
physicist, typist, scientist

en-: to make into, to put into
encrypt, enmesh, enthrone

vocabulary
12/5
1.betray|biˈtrā|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: expose (one's country, a group, or a person) to danger by treacherously giving information to an enemy
derivatives:
betrayal |-əl| nounbetrayer noun
origin: Middle English: from be-‘thoroughly’ + obsolete tray‘betray,’ fromOld French trair, based on Latin tradere ‘hand over.’ Compare with traitor.
example: a double agent who betrayed some 400 British and French agents to the Germans.

2.enhance |enˈhans|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of
origin:  Middle English (formerly also as inhance): from Anglo-Norman French enhauncer, based on Latin in- (expressing intensive force) + altus‘high.’ The word originally meant ‘elevate’ (literally and figuratively), later‘exaggerate, make appear greater,’ also ‘raise the value or price of something’ Current senses date from the early 16th cent.
example: his refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation.

3.pity |ˈpitē|
noun
meaning: the feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering and misfortunes of others
derivatives:
pityingly adverb
origin:  Middle English (also in the sense ‘clemency, mildness’): from Old French pite ‘compassion,’ from Latin pietas ‘piety’; compare with piety.
example: her voice was full of pity.
4.stem |stem|
noun
meaning: a long and thin supportive or main section of something
derivatives:
stemless adjective
stemlike |-ˌlīk| adjective
origin: Old English stemn, stefn, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch stamand German Stamm. 
example: the main stem of the wing feathers.

5.stroke|strōk|
noun
meaning: an act of hitting or striking someone or something; a blow
origin: Old English strācian‘caress lightly,’ of Germanic origin; related toDutch streek ‘a stroke,’German streichen ‘to stroke,’ also to strike. The earliest noun sense ‘blow’ is first recorded in Middle English.
example: he received three strokes of the cane.

12/8
1.terrace|ˈteris|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: make or form (sloping land) into a number of level flat areas resembling a series of steps.
origin: early 16th cent. (denoting an open gallery, later a platform or balcony in a theater): from Old French, literally ‘rubble, platform,’ based on Latin terra ‘earth.’

2.whack |(h)wak| 
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: strike forcefully with a sharp blow
origin: early 18th cent.: imitative, or perhaps an alteration of thwhack
example: his attacker whacked him on the head.

3.twirl |twərl|
verb [ no obj. ]
meaning: spin quickly and lightly around, esp. repeatedly
derivatives:
twirly adjective
origin:  late 16th cent.: probably an alteration (by association with whirl) of tirl, a variant of archaic trill‘twiddle, spin.’
example: she twirled in delight to show off her new dress.
4.batter |ˈbatər|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: strike repeatedly with hard blows; pound heavily and insistently.
origin:  Middle English: from Old French batre ‘to beat’ (from Latin battuere) + -er
example: a prisoner was battered to death with a table leg.

5.agriculture|ˈagriˌkəlCHər|
noun
meaning:the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin agricultura, from ager, agr- ‘field’+ cultura ‘growing, cultivation.’

12/9
1.devote|diˈvōt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: give all or a large part of one's time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause)
origin: late 16th cent. (in the sense ‘dedicate formally, consecrate’): fromLatin devot- ‘consecrated,’ from the verb devovere, from de- ‘formally’ +vovere ‘to vow.’
example: I wanted to devote more time to my family.

2.digest |diˈjest, dī-| 
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: break down (food) in the alimentary canal into substances that can be absorbed and used by the body.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin digest- ‘distributed, dissolved, digested,’ from the verb digerere, from di- ‘apart’ + gerere ‘carry’; the noun from Latin digesta ‘matters methodically arranged,’ from digestus‘divided,’ from digerere .

3.profound |prəˈfound|
adjective
meaning: (of a state, quality, or emotion) very great or intense
derivatives:
profoundness noun
origin: Middle English: from Old French profund, from Latin profundus‘deep,’ from pro ‘before’ + fundus ‘bottom.’ The word was used earliest in the sense ‘showing deep insight.’
example: profound feelings of disquiet.

4.shift |SHift|
verb
meaning: move or cause to move from one place to another, esp. over a small distance
origin: Old English sciftan‘arrange, divide, apportion,’ of Germanicorigin; related to German schichten ‘to layer, stratify.’ A common Middle English sense ‘change, replace’ 
example: I shift the weight back to the other leg.

5.intestines |inˈtestən| 
noun
meaning: (in vertebrates) the lower part of the alimentary canal from the end of the stomach to the anus
origin: late Middle English: from Latin intestinum, neuter of intestinus, from intus ‘within.’
example: the contents of the intestine.

12/10
1.underpin|ˌəndərˈpin|
verb
meaning: support, justify, or form the basis for
example: the theme of honor underpinning the two books.

2.valid |ˈvalid|
adjective
meaning: (of an argument or point) having a sound basis in logic or fact; reasonable or cogent
origin: late 16th cent.: from French valide or Latin validus ‘strong,’ fromvalere ‘be strong.’
example: a valid criticism.

3.drag|drag|
verb
meaning: [ with obj. ] pull (someone or something) along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty
origin: Middle English: from Old English dragon or Old Norse draga ‘to draw’; the noun partly from Middle Low German dragge ‘grapnel.’
example: we dragged the boat up the beach.

4.evaporate |iˈvapəˌrāt|
verb
meaning: turn from liquid into vapor
derivatives:
evaporable |-rəbəl| adjective.evaporation |iˌvapəˈrāSHən| noun.evaporator |-ˌrātər| noun
origin:  late Middle English: from Latin evaporat- ‘changed into vapor,’from the verb evaporare, from e- (variant of ex-)‘out of’ + vapor ‘steam, vapor.’
example: cook until most of the liquid has evaporated.

5.insult |inˈsəlt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: speak to or treat with disrespect or scornful abuse.
origin: mid 16th cent. (as a verb in the sense ‘exult, act arrogantly’): fromLatin insultare ‘jump or trample on,’ from in- ‘on’ + saltare, from salire‘to leap.’ The noun (in the early 17th cent. denoting an attack) is from French insulte or ecclesiastical Latin insultus. The main current senses date from the 17th cent., the medical use dating from the early 20th cent.
example:you're insulting the woman.

12/11
1.pastime|ˈpasˌtīm|
noun
meaning: an activity that someone does regularly for enjoyment rather than work; a hobby
origin:  late 15th cent.: from the verb pass+ time, translating French passe-temps .
example: his favorite pastimes were shooting and golf.

2.chip |CHip|
noun
meaning: a small piece of something removed in the course of chopping, cutting, or breaking something, esp. a hard material such as wood or stone.
origin:  Middle English: related to Old English forcippian‘cut off.’
example: mulch the shrubs with cedar chips.

3.decipher|diˈsīfər|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: convert (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into normal language
derivatives:
decipherable adjective
decipherment noun
origin:  early 16th cent.: from de- (expressing reversal) + cipher, on the pattern of French déchiffrer .
example: enable the government to decipher coded computer transmissions.

4.eliminate |iˈliməˌnāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: completely remove or get rid of (something)
derivatives:
eliminable |-nəbəl| adjectiveelimination |iˌliməˈnāSHən| nouneliminator |-ˌnātər| nouneliminatory |-nəˌtôrē| adjective
origin: mid 16th cent. (in the sense ‘drive out, expel’): from Latineliminat- ‘turned out of doors,’ from the verb eliminare, from e- (variant of ex-)‘out’ + limen, limin- ‘threshold.’
example: a policy that would eliminate inflation.

5.fragile |ˈfrajəl |
adjective
meaning: flimsy or insubstantial; easily destroyed
derivatives:
fragilely |ˈfrajə(l)lē| adverb
origin:  late 15th cent. (in the sense ‘morally weak’): from Latin fragilis,from frangere ‘to break.’ The sense ‘liable to break’ dates from the mid 16th cent.
example: you have a fragile grip on reality.