week13 (10)

上課內容

ad-: forward
adventure, advance, advocate, advantage

spectator, inspect, perspective



Etymology:

inter-: between or involving two or more different things, places, people.It is used with adjectives. example: international

extra-: outside or beyond. It is used with adjectives. example: extraterrestrial

dis-: expressing negation
dismiss, disadvantage, disabuse, disability

astro-: relating to the stars, celestial objects, or outer space
astronomer, astrology, astronomical, astronaut

tele-: to or at a distance
teleconference, telescope, telesales, telepathy

uni-: one; having or consisting of one

    universe, unicellular, unicycle, unicorn

    

vocabulary
1.abuse |əˈbyo͞oz| 
verb
meaning:  use (something) to bad effect or for a bad purpose; misuse
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin abus- ‘misused,’ from the verb abuti, from ab- ‘away’ (i.e., ‘wrongly’) + uti ‘to use.’
example: the judge abused his power by imposing the fines.

2.collapse |kəˈlaps|
verb
meaning: (of a structure) fall down or in; give way
origin: early 17th cent. (as collapsed): from medical Latin collapsus, past participle of collabi, from col- ‘together’ + labi ‘to slip.’
example: the roof collapsed on top of me.

3.drought |drout|
noun
meaning: a prolonged absence of something specified
origin: late Old English drūgath‘dryness,’ of Germanic origin; compare with Dutch droogte; related to dry.
example: he ended a five-game hitting drought.

4.harsh |härSH|
adjective
meaning: unpleasantly rough or jarring to the senses
origin: Middle English: from Middle Low German harsch ‘rough,’ literally ‘hairy,’ from haer ‘hair.’
example: drenched in a harsh white neon light  

5.resource |ˈrēˌsôrs|
noun
meaning: (usu. resources) a stock or supply of money, materials, staff, and other assets that can be drawn on by a person or organization in order to function effectively
origin: early 17th cent.: from obsolete French ressourse, feminine past participle (used as a noun) of Old French dialect resourdre ‘rise again, recover’ (based on Latin surgere ‘to rise’).
example: local authorities complained that they lacked resources.

6.settlement |ˈsetlmənt|
noun
meaning: an official agreement intended to resolve a dispute or conflict
example: unions succeeded in reaching a pay settlement 

7.spray |sprā|
noun
meaning: liquid that is blown or driven through the air in the form of tiny drops
origin: early 17th cent. (earlier as spry): related to Middle Dutch spra(e)yen ‘sprinkle.’
example: a torrent of white foam and spray 

8.standard |ˈstandərd|
noun
meaning: a level of quality or attainment
origin: Middle English (denoting a flag raised on a pole as a rallying point, the authorized exemplar of a unit of measurement, or an upright timber): shortening of Old French estendart, from estendre ‘extend’
example: their restaurant offers a high standard of service 

9.starvation |stärˈvāSHən|
noun
meaning: suffering or death caused by hunger 
example: thousands died of starvation.

10.innovation |ˌinəˈvāSHən|
noun
meaning: a new method, idea, product, etc.
origin: late Middle English: from Latin innovatio(n-), from the verb innovare
example: technological innovations designed to save energy.

11.dioxide |dīˈäkˌsīd| 
noun
meaning: an oxide containing two atoms of oxygen in its molecule or empirical formula.

12.breeze |brēz|
noun
meaning: informal a thing that is easy to do or accomplish
origin: mid 16th cent.: probably from Old Spanish and Portuguese briza ‘northeastern wind’ (the original sense in English).
example: traveling through London was a breeze.

13.dust |dəst|
noun
meaning: fine, dry powder consisting of tiny particles of earth or waste matter lying on the ground or on surfaces or carried in the air
origin: Old English dūst, of Germanic origin; related to Dutch duist ‘chaff.’
example: the car sent up clouds of dust

14.flush |fləSH|
verb
meaning: [ no obj. ] (of a person's skin or face) become red and hot, typically as the result of illness or strong emotion
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘move rapidly, spring up,’ especially of a bird ‘fly up suddenly’): symbolic, fl-frequently beginning words connected with sudden movement; perhaps influenced by flash and blush.
example: Mr. Cunningham flushed angrily.

15.generate |ˈjenəˌrāt|
verb [ with obj. ]
meaning: cause (something, especially an emotion or situation) to arise or come about
origin: early 16th cent. (in the sense ‘beget, procreate’): from Latin generat- ‘created,’ from the verb generare, from genus, gener- ‘stock, race.’
example: changes that are likely to generate controversy

16.humid |ˈ(h)yo͞omid|
adjective
meaning: marked by a relatively high level of water vapor in the atmosphere
origin: late Middle English: from French humide or Latin humidus, from humere ‘be moist.’
example: a hot and humid day.

17.microclimate |ˈmīkrōˌklīmət|
noun
meaning: the climate of a very small or restricted area, especially when this differs from the climate of the surrounding area.

18.orient |ˈôrēˌənt|

    verb

meaning: [ with obj. ] align or position (something) relative to the points of a compass or other specified positions
origin: late Middle English: via Old French from Latin orient- ‘rising or east,’from oriri ‘to rise.’
example: the fires are oriented in direct line with the midsummer sunset. 

19.pedestrian |pəˈdestrēən|
adjective
meaning: lacking inspiration or excitement; dull
origin: early 18th cent.: from French pédestre or Latin pedester ‘going on foot,’also ‘written in prose’ + -ian. Early use in English was in the description of writing as ‘prosaic.’
example: disenchantment with their present, pedestrian lives. 

    20.promising |ˈpräməsiNG|
    adjective

    meaning: showing signs of future success

origin: late Middle English: from Latin promissum ‘something promised,’neuter past participle of promittere ‘put forth, promise,’ from pro- ‘forward’ + mittere ‘send.’
example: a promising actor

21.perspective |pərˈspektiv|
noun
meaning: the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other when viewed from a particular point
origin: late Middle English (in the sense ‘optics’): from medieval Latinperspectiva (ars)‘science of optics,’ from perspect- ‘looked at closely,’ from the verb perspicere, from per- ‘through’ + specere ‘to look.’
example: a perspective drawing.  

22.renewable |riˈn(y)o͞oəbəl|
adjective
meaning: (of a contract, agreement, etc.) capable of being renewed
example: the 30-day truce is renewable by mutual agreement. 

23.sufficient |səˈfiSHənt|
adjective
meaning: enough; adequate
origin: Middle English (in the sense ‘legally satisfactory’): from Old French, or from Latin sufficient- ‘meeting the need of’
example:  a small income that was sufficient for her needs 

24.take over |ˈtākˌōvər|
noun
meaning: an act of assuming control of something, especially the buying out of one company by another.

25.vehicle |ˈvēəkəl |
noun
meaning: a thing used for transporting people or goods, especially on land, such as a car, truck, or cart.
origin: early 17th cent.: from French véhicule or Latin vehiculum, from vehere ‘carry.’